Japanese Sophora (Japanese acacia)

Sopnora japonica L.

Description plants. Sophora Japanese-deciduous tree of the family-legumes, reaching a height of 25 m, with a broad crown. Bark of old trunks dark gray, with deep cracks, the young branches and shoots are greenish-gray, korotkoopushennye. Leaves imparipinnate, 11-25 cm long flowers are of length 1 - 1,5 cm, fragrant in large loose end panicles, reaching a length of 20-30 cm Corolla Fabaceae type * yellowish-white. Bob fleshy, glabrous, up to 5-7 cm, with deep constrictions between the seeds, filled with yellowish-green sticky juice. Immature green beans, perfectly ripe, reddish. Each pod concludes 2.6 oval, smooth temsno-brown seeds resembling beans, but smaller. Known weeping Sophora cultural form, which is convenient collection of buds and fruit. On other trees, leguminous Sophora Japanese well differ nevzdutymi beans and the lack of thorns.

Blossoms in late summer, in July-August, fruits ripen in September-October and remain on tree, the howl of the winter.

Medical significance are the fruits of Sophora Japanese and her buds. The latter serve as raw material for receive routine.

Places habitat. Distribution. Homeland Sophora Japan-China. Widely bred in Korean peninsula, Japan, Vietnam and other Asian countries, as well as in Europe and North America, has long been cultivated in many southern European part of the country in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Very often bred in Crimea, Kherson and Odessa areas in Uzbekistan, lowlands Tajikistan, in the cities of Turkmenistan, Dagestan, in the plains and lowland areas Azerbaijan, Armenia and eastern Georgia.

Sophora Japanese dryness and fairly frost-resistant species. It is better to grow on lit areas, protected from cold winds. Prefers loamy and sandy soil, tolerates some salinity, but suffers from cold winds and large frost.

Harvesting and quality of raw materials. Sophora fruit harvest in dry weather. This cut shears or carefully break off from the inflorescences are not yet fully mature, light-green, fleshy and juicy fruits, whose seeds are only beginning darken.

For removing inflorescences tall trees Sophora usually used Ladder secateurs or fenced on a long stick, called a gardener "cocks. Collected fruit piled in buckets, baskets or bags and on the same day sent for drying. Before drying the fruit is separated and discarded twigs inflorescences. Dried fruit to the attic with good ventilation or in the dryer at heating temperature of about 25-30 ? C. The dried and cleaned of impurities from raw packed in double or multi-ply paper bags.

buds Japanese Sophora harvested in dry weather, after obsyhaniya dew, in the end buds of this plant in June-July, when part of buds at the base inflorescence begins to blossom. When collecting inflorescences cut shears or gently break off from their base. Billets buds are the same as harvest the fruits of Sophora. Collected inflorescences as soon as possible sent to drying. Dried material in attics or in the dryer periodically stirring, at heating temperature of raw material to 40-45 ? C. After the acquisition of inflorescence branches fragile cease-drying. The dried raw material is cleaned of twigs and buds impurities and packed in cloth or paper bags. According

requirements of the Pharmacopoeia article FA 42-452-72 raw material consists of Japanese Sophora undisclosed, flattened-cylindrical fruits (beans). They polyspermic, up to 10 cm and a width of 0,5-1 cm, greenish-brown with yellow stitching. Seeds are dark brown or almost black, up to 1 cm and a width of 0,4-0,7 cm; majority of seeds are usually stunted. Smell it, taste bitter. Raw should contain moisture not more than 14%, total ash not more than 3% fruit blackened immature and not more than 10% of stems and leaves of Sophora not more than 3% organic impurities not more than 0,5%, the mineral less than 1%. Another type of raw materials from Sophora Japanese, its buds. According to the requirements of the Transitional pharmacopoeial article VFS 42-341-74 is the raw material consists of oblong-ovate buds length of 3.7 mm and a width of 1,5-3 mm. Odor weak. Humidity not more than 12% ash is not common more than 8%, organic impurities not more than 3,5%, mineral less than 1%, routine (in terms of absolutely dry raw material) is not less than 16%. The fruits and buds of Sophora Japanese store shelves on a dry ventilated area, carefully protecting them from moths and other pests. Shelf life 1 year commodity.

Chemical composition. The most valuable biologically active substance Sophora Japanese-rutin, representing glyukoramnoglikozid quercetin. Its presence is established in buds, flowers, leaves, young twigs and young fruits. Especially many routine accumulates in young, rapidly growing plant organs. Maximum quantity stated in the bud. In the fruit during ripening are 8 flavonoids, whose number varies depending on location and time collection. In addition to routine found kempferod-3-soforozid, quercetin-3-rutinozid and genistein-2-soforabiozid. In the flowers of alkaloids and glycosides were found. Leaves found rutin (soforin) and up to 47 mg% of vitamin C. The seeds contain up to 10% fat oil.

Application medicine. Preparations of the fruit of Sophora Japanese have wound-healing properties, accelerating the regeneration of tissues. Rutin, derived from the buds of Sophora Japanese, reduces the fragility and permeability of capillaries, increases the ability body absorb ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Preparations from the fruit of Sophora Japanese used in wounds, burns, trophic ulcers. Especially recommended are in purulent inflammatory processes.

infusion Sophora fruit produced in bottles of 100 ml. Store in a cool, sheltered from light. Used in the form of irrigation, washing, wet bandages.

Rutin released in the form of powder and tablets. Tablets containing 0.05 g rutin, 0,05 g ascorbic acid and 0.2 g of glucose is called "askorutin. Used in the same cases as rutin.

References

For preparation of this work were used materials from the site uroweb